Education is heavily correlated with age as younger people far more likely to have attended university. However, when we look at education level split by older and younger people there are still notable differences. This article originally appeared in The Times Red Box.
See the full results here. UK About For business. Promises to get rid of Ofsted and high-stakes testing will be warmly welcomed by schools, while scrapping tuition fees is guaranteed to be popular with students. Extend free childcare to start at nine months for working parents, and age two for all. Education makes up a huge part of manifesto and new spending is allocated, but on student loans there is only the promise of a review. The party wants shared parental leave extended to 64 weeks, with an additional 12 weeks to be ring-fenced for fathers.
Statutory duty of care for social media, gaming and technology firms to protect children from harmful content.
The Scottish National party has to focus on UK-wide policies that support families since education is devolved to Scotland. Abolish the apprenticeship levy and improve tax incentives for employers who take on apprentices. There is no mention of extra spending on schools or early years.
It wants to remove charitable status from private schools and charge VAT on school fees. The Greens are aiming squarely for the student vote with tuition fees measures. Increase college lecturer pay and make public transport free for further education and sixth-form students and apprentices aged under Education is a devolved area. Plaid says the system is in crisis, with one in three teachers quitting the classroom within their first five years.
What are the parties promising to do for the environment? Ban export of plastic waste to developing countries. Measures highlight inaction of previous Conservative administrations. It pledges 1m green jobs in the energy sector and through nationwide home refurbishments. A clean air act to improve pollution levels, including a vehicle-scrapping scheme. It appears to intend to finance most of them through changes to air passenger duty.
The Scottish National party believes its strong stance on the climate emergency can attract voters, and believes the UK has to catch up with Scotland. There is no section in the manifesto on the environment, and detail on the main tree-planting policy is scant, with no target number or timeframe.
Frequent flyer levy after more than one return flight a year; ban on airport expansion. Create tens of thousands of jobs by kickstarting an investment programme aimed at making Wales free from carbon and single-use plastic by Such ideas play well with green voters.
Johnson denies claims the Conservative party manifesto leaves the way open for a reduction in troops. Overseas aid pledge has not assuaged concern over how funds are used. The party wants the UK to play a bigger role in global peacekeeping and recognise minority rights, including the Kurds. It wants UK ministers to uphold the pledge to spend 0. The SNP wants the UK to adopt a more Scandinavian-style approach to foreign policy and defence, but prioritises nuclear disarmament.
The Brexit party has pledged to withdraw from the European Defence Union, which would mean the UK would no longer adhere to the EU defence procurement directive. Policy is EU-centric, based on what it believes can be achieved by leaving. No mention of an EU army, a conspiracy theory put forward by Farage. The Green party pledges to help other countries combat the growing climate emergency.
Scrap the Trident nuclear deterrent programme as well as government support for arms exports. The climate emergency has become a rapidly emerging threat to international order, so the Greens are ahead of the curve in placing the climate on the foreign policy agenda.
Encourage other countries to establish diplomatic representation in Wales, taking inspiration from places such as Catalonia and Quebec. Establish a national academy for Welsh tourism to help attract visitors from overseas. Devolved governments do not officially get a say in whether the UK goes to war. Plaid sees this as undemocratic. It would resist locating nuclear weapons in Wales or in Welsh waters. A pledge to create 40 new hospitals over the next decade, including six upgrades by Questions have been raised over the credibility of claims on this issue, with pledges on nurses and new hospitals in serious doubt.
Social care kicked into the long grass. Restoring bursaries for nurses will be popular, while plans for generic drugs is likely to enrage pharmaceutical firms. The party plans to develop a health and care tax, tying funding to one collective budget and shown on payslips. A dedicated tax could reassure voters money is well spent but may prove risky in the event of a downturn. Since health is devolved to Holyrood, the Scottish National party is seeking to show Scottish voters that the party wants to influence UK-level policies.
The Brexit party pledges to increase the number of medical staff in the National Health Service and cut waste, introducing hour GP surgeries, discussing the ring-fencing NHS budget and tax revenues. No financial commitments. The party is against the encroachment of private medicine on the National Health Service and will roll back provisions for private suppliers.
The Greens want to devote more funding to the NHS; unlike the Tories, they see Brexit as a key threat to the health service. It would provide free social care for elderly and vulnerable people, and fund an additional 1, doctors, 5, nurses and NHS dentists.
Increase the number of homegrown doctors, including by accelerating the development of a medical school in Bangor. Another devolved area. Bring in a better deal for renters, axing no-fault evictions and requiring one lifetime deposit that moves with the tenant. Lending changes could increase the risk that rules installed after the financial crash were meant to reduce. Deposit cuts may fuel demand for homes without increasing supply. Introduce rent-to-own options on social housing, allowing tenants to build stakes in their home.
The manifesto does not commit a set sum to achieving the aims, which focus on the rental market and affordable homes rather than homeownership. The Scottish National party wants greater powers to help householders reduce utility bills by switching energy suppliers.
Introduce more flexibility on the size and type of homes being built in developments, and on the number of affordable properties. The Green party pledges to install tighter rent controls, place a ban on no-fault evictions, and allocate additional rights to people renting privately. It says councils must also build , environmentally sustainable homes a year.
Create a national housing company that will borrow against rents to build more public rental housing — 20, homes in five years. Plaid argues that having safe, stable and suitable housing is becoming available for fewer people every year due to soaring prices and limited public sector budgets. Ensure immigrants contribute to the NHS, paying in to it before they can receive benefits.
Unusually, the party has set out the Australian system pledge before the result of Migration Advisory Committee review. Few details on an immigration crackdown. Free movement of people within the EU if the UK remains. If it opts to leave, immigration rights would be negotiable under a deal.
Improvement in the right to bring relatives to the UK; end to minimum income requirements; changes to the work visa system. Introduce a day time limit on immigration detention and close most detention centres. Plans to replace tier-2 work visas for those offered a skilled job in the UK with a more flexible merit-based system. Greens - Scrap tuition fees and write-off student debt. Remove charitable status from private schools and charge VAT on fees.
Brexit Party - Improve academies and free schools. Abolish student loan interest and scrap targets to push young people into higher education. Labour - Pledge to build , homes for social rent each year. Lib Dems - Build , homes a year, including , for social rent. Government-backed tenancy deposits for private renters under years-old.
Council tax hikes on properties left empty for more than six months. Greens - Pledge for , new carbon-zero council houses each year. Energy efficiency upgrades for more than 1 million homes. Brexit Party - Simplify planning consent for brownfield sites. Allow more flexibility on affordable housing targets. No overall targets but an intention to "accelerate" the pace of development. Tories - An Australian-style points-based immigration system would be introduced, with an NHS Visa for qualified doctors and nurses.
Freedom of movement will end. Labour - Numerical targets will be scrapped along with the Immigration Act. Free movement will be subject to Brexit negotiations. Lib Dems - Stop Brexit and retain freedom of movement.
End "hostile environment. Resettle 10, refugees a year, and a further 10, refugee children over the next decade. Greens - New "humane" system, with no minimum income rules for visas.
Right to work for migrants and asylum seekers. Scrap "hostile environment". Brexit Party - Crack down on illegal immigration. Bring in a points system that is "blind to ethnic origin", to reduce annual immigration numbers. SNP - Immigration policy is reserved to Westminster.
Party would oppose hostile environment policies. Tories - Recruit 20, police officers over the next three years to replace those lost due to budget cuts since Consult on toughening laws for attacks on emergency service workers and boost the number of tasers and body cameras available for police. Labour - Re-establish neighbourhood policing and recruit 2, more frontline officers than the Conservatives. Establish a Royal Commission to develop a public health approach to drugs. Review the Prevent programme.
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